Match on Action
Match on action is a film and video editing technique where the editor cuts from one shot to a different view that matches the first shot's action. Although these two shots may have been shot hours apart from each other, matching on action gives the impression of continuity.
This clip from the popular TV series 'Friends' explains it:
A picture example would be:
Shot reverse shot
Shot reverse shot is a film technique whereby cuts are made from the action, to the opposite view of the action and finally change back to the action. This technique is regularly used in dialogue, to establish a natural conversation, and prove that characters are facing each other.
This clip from the 1992 film 'Light Sleeper' shows an example of shot reverse shot:
A picture example from the hit film 'Sin City':
180 Degree Rule
The 180 Degree Rule is a rule that dictates where the camera has to be placed when shooting a character and another character or a character and another object.
Imagine a 360 degree circle around two subjects. The camera can't pass between the axis that cuts the circle in half, if the rule is then broken, a cut will be distinctly evident to a viewer and would ruin the idea of continuity.
This clip explains the rule:
This image demonstrates the 180 Degree Rule:
